John Cage

• Cage is best known for introducing and developing the concept of "chance operations" or "indeterminacy" as a structural element in his musical compositions.

• Cage often used the I Ching, as a method of implementing chance operations in his compositions. The I Ching was used for thousands of years as a sort of divination text.

• Arnold Schoenberg, Marcel Duchamp, and Mercy Cunningham all greatly influenced Cage. 

• The most well-known technique for expanding the sound of the piano, often credited to Cage, is the “Prepared Piano”.

• 4’33 (1952) is one of Cage’s most known works. In this performance, the artist would sit at their instrument and not play them for a certain amount of time. This performance was split up into three acts.